Image pickup device, method of manufacturing image pickup device, and electronic apparatus

ABSTRACT

Provided is an image pickup device, including: a first trench provided between a plurality of pixels in a light-receiving region of a semiconductor substrate, the semiconductor substrate including the light-receiving region and a peripheral region, the light-receiving region being provided with the plurality of pixels each including a photoelectric conversion section; and a second trench provided in the peripheral region of the semiconductor substrate, wherein the semiconductor substrate has a variation in thickness between a portion where the first trench is provided and a portion where the second trench is provided.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of Japanese Priority PatentApplication JP 2013-213645 filed on Oct. 11, 2013, the entire contentsof which are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

The present disclosure relates to an image pickup device of a backsideillumination type, to a manufacturing method thereof, and to anelectronic apparatus.

In a solid-state image pickup device (an image pickup device) such as aCCD (Charge Coupled Device) image sensor or a CMOS (Complementary MetalOxide Semiconductor) image sensor, a solid-state image pickup element(an image pickup element) including a photoelectric conversion section(for example, a PD (Photo Diode) is arranged for each pixel.

In the image pickup device, when intense light enters some pixels in animaging screen to allow signal charges to be produced in an amountexceeding charge accommodation ability of a photodiode, the excessivesignal charges overflow out of a potential well configured by thephotodiode to leak into neighboring photodiodes, which contributes toserious degradation in image quality. The signal charge leak may beprevented, for example, by providing a trench between adjacent pixels ina Si substrate in which the photodiode is embedded, and by covering asurface of the trench with an insulating film having a negative fixedcharge.

On the other hand, most image pickup devices have a configuration inwhich incident light is allowed to enter on the wiring layer side (afront side illumination image pickup device). Disadvantages in suchimage pickup devices involve lowered sensitivity caused by the incidentlight shielded by the wiring layer, and occurrence of color mixingcaused by the incident light reflected by the wiring layer to enter anadjacent pixel. Accordingly, a backside illumination image pickup deviceis proposed. In the backside illumination image pickup device,photodiodes and various transistors are provided on a front surface of aSi substrate, and a rear surface of the Si substrate is polished forthinning to allow incident light to enter on the rear surface side forphotoelectric conversion (for example, Japanese Unexamined PatentApplication Publication No. 2005-209677).

In the backside illumination image pickup device, an external connectionelectrode on the same layer as the wiring layer is provided on theopposite side (the front surface) to the light-incident surface (therear surface) of the Si substrate. Therefore, the external connectionelectrode is exposed as an electrode pad inside a hole with a depthenough to penetrate the Si substrate. The external connection electrodethus exposed is connected to an external circuit, for example, by wirebonding. At this time, an end of a capillary is likely to come intocontact with an edge of the hole, which may cause a leak. To copetherewith, proposed is an image pickup device provided with aninsulating film around the hole to insulate the external connectionelectrode from the Si substrate (for example, Japanese Unexamined PatentApplication Publication No. 2010-109137).

SUMMARY

The above-mentioned trench to divide pixels (a pixel division trench)and a trench to provide the insulating film that insulates the externalconnection electrode from the Si substrate (an insulation divisiontrench) both extend in a direction of depth of the Si substrate. It istherefore possible to form the trenches in the same process, which makesit possible to reduce the number of manufacturing processes. However, ina case that the pixel division trench is formed simultaneously with theinsulation division trench that penetrates the Si substrate, there is adisadvantage of a possibility of damage to an FD (floating diffusion)provided between pixels on the front surface of the Si substrate.

On the other hand, in a case that the pixel division trench is formedseparately from the insulation division trench, when an insulationmaterial is embedded in the trench, since the trench is deep, it takes along time until the insulation division trench is fully filled with theinsulation material. This causes the insulation material to be depositedon the Si substrate as a thick film. Consequently, color mixing isliable to occur due to obliquely incident light, which arises adisadvantage of lowered focusing characteristics.

It is desired to provide an image pickup device that makes it possibleto reduce the number of processes while maintaining focusingcharacteristics, a manufacturing method thereof, and an electronicapparatus.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is providedan image pickup device including: a first trench provided between aplurality of pixels in a light-receiving region of a semiconductorsubstrate, the semiconductor substrate including the light-receivingregion and a peripheral region, the light-receiving region beingprovided with the plurality of pixels each including a photoelectricconversion section; and a second trench provided in the peripheralregion of the semiconductor substrate, wherein the semiconductorsubstrate has a variation in thickness between a portion where the firsttrench is provided and a portion where the second trench is provided.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provideda method of manufacturing an image pickup device including: providing adug portion in a peripheral region in one surface of a semiconductorsubstrate, the semiconductor substrate including a light-receivingregion and the peripheral region, the light-receiving region beingprovided with a plurality of pixels each including a photoelectricconversion section; and providing a first trench and a second trench inanother surface of the semiconductor substrate, the first trench beingprovided in the light-receiving region, the second trench being providedat a position of the peripheral region, the position facing the dugportion.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is providedan electronic apparatus provided with an image pickup device. The imagepickup device includes: a first trench provided between a plurality ofpixels in a light-receiving region of a semiconductor substrate, thesemiconductor substrate including the light-receiving region and aperipheral region, the light-receiving region being provided with theplurality of pixels each including a photoelectric conversion section;and a second trench provided in the peripheral region of thesemiconductor substrate, wherein the semiconductor substrate has avariation in thickness between a portion where the first trench isprovided and a portion where the second trench is provided.

In the image pickup device, the manufacturing method thereof, and theelectronic apparatus according to the above-described embodiments of thepresent disclosure, the first trench (the pixel division trench) isprovided between pixels in the light-receiving region, and the secondtrench (the insulating division trench) is provided in the peripheralregion. The first trench and the second trench are formed, after etchingthe peripheral region on one surface of the semiconductor substrate,from the other surface. This makes it possible to form each of the firsttrench and the second trench in desired shapes in the same process andunder the same conditions.

According to the image pickup device, the manufacturing method thereof,and the electronic apparatus in the above-described embodiments of thepresent disclosure, the first trench is provided between pixels in thelight-receiving region, and the second trench is provided in theperipheral region. The first trench and the second trench are formed,after etching the peripheral region on one surface of the semiconductorsubstrate, from the other surface. Thereby, the first trench and thesecond trench are formed in desired shapes in the same process and underthe same conditions. Specifically, it is possible to form the firsttrench that does not penetrate the semiconductor substrate and thesecond trench that penetrates the semiconductor substrate in the sameprocess. Hence, it is possible to reduce the number of processes withoutlowering focusing characteristics. It is to be noted that the effectsdescribed herein are not necessarily limitative, and any of othereffects described in this disclosure may be shown.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description andthe following detailed description are exemplary, and are intended toprovide further explanation of the technology as claimed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings are included to provide a furtherunderstanding of the disclosure, and are incorporated in and constitutea part of this specification. The drawings illustrate embodiments and,together with the specification, serve to explain the principles of thetechnology.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an image pickup deviceaccording to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a plan view illustrating an overall configuration of the imagepickup device illustrated in FIG. 1.

FIG. 3A is a plan view schematically illustrating a configuration of apixel region of the image pickup device illustrated in FIG. 2.

FIG. 3B is a plan view schematically illustrating a configuration of apad section and its periphery illustrated in FIG. 2.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a method of manufacturingthe image pickup device illustrated in FIG. 1.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a process following FIG.4.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a process following FIG.5.

FIG. 7 is a functional block diagram of the image pickup deviceillustrated in FIG. 1.

FIG. 8A is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating an imagepickup device according to a comparative example of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 8B is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating the imagepickup device illustrated in FIG. 1.

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an image pickup deviceaccording to a second embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIGS. 10A-10C are cross-sectional views illustrating a method ofmanufacturing the image pickup device illustrated in FIG. 9.

FIGS. 11A-11C are cross-sectional views illustrating a process followingFIGS. 10A-10C.

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view illustrating one example of an imagepickup device according to a modification example 1 of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view illustrating another example of animage pickup device according to a modification example 1 of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view illustrating one example of an imagepickup device according to a modification example 2 of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view illustrating another example of animage pickup device according to a modification example 2 of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 16A is a cross-sectional view illustrating one example of an imagepickup device according to a modification example 3 of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 16B is a cross-sectional view illustrating another example of animage pickup device according to a modification example 3 of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an image pickup deviceaccording to a modification example 4 of the present disclosure.

FIG. 18 is a functional block diagram of an electronic apparatusaccording to an application example.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following, some embodiments of the present disclosure will bedescribed in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It isto be noted that description will be made in the following order.

1. First Embodiment (an example in which a two-stage recess is providedin a peripheral region in a front surface of a semiconductor substrate)

1-1. Basic Configuration

1-2. Manufacturing Method

1-3. Operations and Effects

2. Second Embodiment (an example in which recesses are provided in aperipheral region in a front surface and a rear surface of asemiconductor substrate)

3. Modification Example 1 (an example in which a fixed charge film isprovided on a rear surface of a semiconductor substrate)

4. Modification Example 2 (an example in which a light-shielding film isextended in a trench)

5. Modification Example 3 (an example in which an air gap is provided ina trench)

6. Modification Example 4 (an example with a layered structure)

7. Application Example (an application to an electronic apparatus)

1. First Embodiment

FIG. 1 illustrates in section (along I-I line in FIG. 2) a configurationof an image pickup device (an image pickup device 1) according to afirst embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 2 illustrates anoverall configuration of the image pickup device 1. The image pickupdevice 1 is used in, for example, a CCD image sensor or a CMOS imagesensor and so forth, and is configured of a light-receiving region 110Aincluding a plurality of pixels (for example, pixels P (refer to FIG.7)) and a peripheral region 110B including a peripheral circuit (forexample, a peripheral circuit section 130). The light-receiving region110A has a configuration in which a plurality of pixels P are arrangedin a two-dimensional array. Between the pixels, a pixel division trench11A (a first trench) is provided. The peripheral region 110B includes anexternal connection region 110C as well as the peripheral circuit, andis provided with a plurality of external connection electrodes(electrode pads 1B). Around each of the electrode pads 1B, provided isan insulation division trench 11B (a second trench) that insulates theelectrode pads 1B from a semiconductor substrate 11.

In the embodiment, a dug portion (a recess 11C) is provided at aposition facing the insulation division trench 11B in a front surface (asurface S2) of the semiconductor substrate 11. An insulating film 15 isembedded in the recess 11C. A thickness of the semiconductor substrate11 in a region where the insulating division trench 11B is provided issmaller than that in a region where the pixel division trench 11A isprovided. Moreover, the pixel division trench 11A and the insulationdivision trench 11B are preferably formed in the same process and underthe same conditions.

1-1. Basic Configuration

FIG. 3A illustrates a plan configuration of the light-receiving region110A of the image pickup device 1 according to the embodiment. FIG. 3Billustrates a plan configuration of the electrode pad 1B and itsperiphery in the external connection region 110C of the peripheralregion 110B. The image pickup device 1 according to the embodiment is abackside illumination image pickup device, and has a configuration ofso-called four-pixel supply as a unit, in which four photoelectricconversion sections (PDs (photodiodes) 12) share desired pixeltransistors.

As illustrated in FIG. 1, an image pickup element 1A includes a wiringlayer 20 and a support substrate 41 on the front surface (the surfaceS2) side of the semiconductor substrate 11 that configures alight-receiving section 10. In the wiring layer 20, a plurality ofwirings 21 are provided with an interlayer insulating film 22 inbetween. On a rear surface (a light-incident surface; a light-receivingsurface S1) side, a focusing section 30 including an on-chip lens 35 andthe forth is provided.

The light-receiving section 10 is configured of the semiconductorsubstrate 11 and a protective film 17. In the semiconductor substrate11, for example, a PD 12 is embedded. The PD 12 has a function ofconverting incident light to electrons (photoelectric conversionfunction). The protective film 17 is provided on the rear surface of thesemiconductor substrate 11.

The semiconductor substrate 11 is configured of, for example, p-typesilicon (Si), and is provided with the pixel division trench 11A betweenthe pixels P on the light-receiving surface S1 side. The pixel divisiontrench 11A is extended in a direction (in a Z direction) of thickness ofthe semiconductor substrate 11. The pixel division trench 11A isprovided, as illustrated in FIG. 3A, in a lattice shape to surround thepixel P. The pixel division trench 11A is arranged to overlap an FD(floating diffusion) 13 or source/drain regions 21E to 21H, which aredescribed later. The pixel division trench 11A may have a depth (height(h)) sufficient to restrain a crosstalk, that is, preferably 0.25 um to5 um both inclusive in a case that a thickness of the FD 13 or thesource/drain regions 21E to 21H is equal to or less than 1 um. The pixeldivision trench 11A may have a width (W) sufficient to restrain acrosstalk, that is, 100 nm to 500 nm both inclusive.

Near the front surface (the surface S2) of the semiconductor substrate11, a transfer transistor Tr1 (refer to FIGS. 3A and 8B) is provided.The transfer transistor Tr1 is configured to transfer signal chargesproduced in the PD 12 to a vertical signal line Lsig (refer to FIG. 7).A gate electrode TG1 of the transfer transistor Tr1 is included, forexample, in the wiring layer 20. The signal charges may be eitherelectrons or holes, which are produced by photoelectric conversion.Herein description is given on an exemplary case that electrons are readout as the signal charges.

Near the surface S2 of the semiconductor substrate 11, as well as thetransfer transistor Tr1 as described above, for example, a resettransistor Tr2, an amplifier transistor Tr3, and a selection transistorTr4 and so on are provided. The transistors are configured of, forexample, MOSFETs (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors),and constitute a circuit for each of the pixels P. Each circuit mayhave, for example, a three-transistor configuration including thetransfer transistor, the reset transistor, and the amplifier transistor.Alternatively, each circuit may have a four-transistor configurationwith the selection transistor added. Transistors other than the transfertransistor may be shared by the pixels. Between four pixels(specifically, as illustrated in FIG. 3A, at a center region of the PDs12 arrayed in two rows and two columns), the FD 13 is provided. The FD13 is formed near the surface S2 of the semiconductor substrate 11. TheFD 13 is an n-type semiconductor region formed by implantation of ann-type impurity in a high concentration into a p-well layer 11 y (referto (C) of FIG. 4) formed on the front surface side of the semiconductorsubstrate 11.

The PD 12 is, for example, an n-type semiconductor region that is formedfor each of the pixels P in the direction (the Z direction) of thicknessof the semiconductor substrate 11 (herein a Si substrate). The PD 12 isa photodiode having a p-n junction with p-type semiconductor regionsprovided near the front surface and the rear surface of thesemiconductor substrate 11. It is to be noted that the semiconductorsubstrate 11 is provided with a p-type semiconductor region (a p-typelayer 11X and the p-well layer 11 y, for example, refer to (D) of FIG.4) between the pixels P. It is to be noted that the pixel divisiontrench 11A is formed in the p-type semiconductor region. A depth (in theZ direction) of the pixel division trench 11A is, for example, 0.25 umto 5 um both inclusive. It is not necessary for an end of the pixeldivision trench 11A to reach the p-well layer 11 y formed around the FD13, as long as the pixel division trench 11A is provided in the p-typesemiconductor region. A sufficient inter-pixel insulation divisioneffect may be obtained with the pixel division trench 11A provided inthe p-type layer 11 x.

The transfer transistor Tr1 is configured of the FD 13 and a transfergate electrode 21A. The transfer gate electrode 21A is provided, as oneof the wirings 21, in the wiring layer 20 near the surface S2 of thesemiconductor substrate 11 between the PD 12 and the FD 13 with theinterlayer insulating film 22 in between.

Among the pixel transistors, the reset transistor Tr2, the amplifiertransistor Tr3, and the selection transistor Tr4 are formed for eachfour PDs 12 that share the FD 13. The pixel transistors are located, asillustrated in FIG. 3A, on one side of a group that is constituted bythe four PDs 12.

The reset transistor Tr2 is configured of a pair of source/drain regions21E and 21F, and a reset gate electrode 21B formed between thesource/drain regions 21E and 21F. The amplifier transistor Tr3 isconfigured of a pair of source/drain regions 21F and 21G, and anamplifier gate electrode 21C formed between the source/drain regions 21Fand 21G The selection transistor Tr4 is configured of a pair ofsource/drain regions 21G and 21H, and a selection gate electrode 21Dformed between the source/drain regions 21G and 21H.

The reset transistor Tr2, the amplifier transistor Tr3, and theselection transistor Tr4 each has a configuration similar to that of thetransfer transistor Tr1. In other words, the source/drain regions 21E to21H are configured of, similar to the FD 13, an n-typehigh-concentration impurity region formed in the p-well layer 11 y ofthe semiconductor substrate 11.

The protective film 17 fills in the pixel division trench 11A, andplanarizes the light-receiving surface S1 of the semiconductor substrate11. The protective film 17 is configured of, for example, a single-layerfilm or a layered film of silicon nitride (Si₂N₃), silicon oxide (SiO₂),silicon oxynitride (SiON) and so on. A thickness of the protective film17 is preferably, for example, 0.05 um to 0.30 um both inclusive.

The focusing section 30 is provided on the light-receiving surface S1side of the light-receiving section 10, and includes the on-chip lens 35as an optical function layer on the light-incident side. The on-chiplens 35 is arranged to face the PD 12 of each of the pixels P. Betweenthe light-receiving section 10 (specifically, the protective film 17)and the on-chip lens 35, a planarization film 32 and a color filter 34are laminated in this order from the light-receiving section 10 side. Onthe protective film 17 between the pixels P, a light-shielding film 33is provided.

The on-chip lens 35 is configured to allow light to be focused towardthe light-receiving section 10 (specifically, toward the PD 12 of thelight-receiving section 10). A lens system of the on-chip lens 35 is setto a value according to a size of the pixel P, for example, 0.05 um to1.00 um both inclusive. A refractive index of the on-chip lens 35 is,for example, 1.4 to 2.0 both inclusive. An example of a lens materialincludes an organic material, silicon oxide film (SiO₂), and so on.

The light-shielding film 33 is provided between the pixels P on theprotective film 17, for example, at a position facing the pixel divisiontrench 11A. The light-shielding film 33 is configured to restrain colormixing due to a crosstalk of obliquely incident light among adjacentpixels. An example of a material of the light-shielding film 33includes, for example, tungsten (W), aluminum (Al), an alloy of Al andcopper (Cu). A thickness thereof is, for example, 20 nm to 5000 nm bothinclusive.

The planarization film 32 is configured of, for example, a single-layerfilm or a layered film of silicon nitride (Si₂N₃), silicon oxide (SiO₂),silicon oxynitride (SiON), and so on.

The color filter 34 is, for example, one of a red (R) filter, a green(G) filter, a blue (B) filter, and a white (W) filter. The color filter34 is provided, for example, for each of the pixels P. The color filter34 is arranged in a regular color array (for example, in a Bayer array).By providing the color filter 34, it is possible to obtain colorlight-receiving data corresponding to the color array.

The support substrate 41 is located on an opposite surface to thesemiconductor substrate 11 side of the wiring layer 20. The supportsubstrate 41 is provided for ensuring the strength of the semiconductorsubstrate 11 in the manufacturing process, and is configured of, forexample, a silicon (Si) substrate.

Around the light-receiving region 110A, the peripheral region 110B isprovided. The peripheral region 110B includes the external connectionregion 110C. In the external connection region 110C, the plurality ofelectrode pads 1B connected externally are provided. The electrode pad1B has a configuration in which a wiring 23 is exposed inside a hole 14.The wiring 23 is provided on the same layer as the wiring 14 formed inthe wiring layer 20. The hole 14 is provided on the wiring 23. Aroundthe electrode pad 1B, as illustrated in FIG. 3B, the insulation divisiontrench 11B is provided.

The insulation division trench 11B electrically insulates the electrodepad 1B from the semiconductor substrate 11, and is provided, similarlyto the above-described pixel division trench 11A, from the rear surface(the light-receiving surface S1) side of the semiconductor substrate 11.In the embodiment, the recess 11C having differences in depth isprovided at a position facing the insulation division trench 11B in thefront surface (the surface S2) of the semiconductor substrate 11. Therecess 11C is filled with an insulating film 15. The recess 11C may havea depth (in the Z direction) sufficient to divide the semiconductorsubstrate 11 by the recess 11C and by the insulation division trench11B. This makes it possible to restrain a leak from the electrode pad 1Bto the surrounding semiconductor substrate 11. It is to be noted thatthe recess 11C may have two or more differences in depth, or may be asimple dug structure without differences in depth. An aspect ratio ofthe recess 11C is preferably equal to or more than 0.5, to ensureembeddability of an insulating material constituting the insulating film15 and to prevent misalignment with the insulating division trench 11B.Specifically, in a case that the depth of the insulation division trench11B is 5 um, the depth of the recess 11C is equal to or more than 1 um,and the width is equal to or more than 0.5 um.

The image pickup device 1 may be, for example, manufactured as follows.

Manufacturing Method

First, two-stage etching is carried out on the surface S2 side of thesemiconductor substrate 11 to form the recess 11C. Specifically, asillustrated in (A) of FIG. 4, in the external connection region 110C inthe surface S2 of the semiconductor substrate 11, a recess 11 a isformed, for example, by dry etching to the depth (h) of, for example,300 nm. After that, as illustrated in (B) of FIG. 4, etching is carriedout again inside the recess 11 a to form a recess 11 b to the depth (h)of, for example, 500 nm. Thus, the recess 11C is formed. Subsequently,as illustrated in (C) of FIG. 4, for example, SiN is embedded by PVD inthe recess 11C to form the insulating film 15.

Next, on the surface S2 side of the semiconductor substrate 11, thewiring layer 20 is formed. Specifically, as illustrated in (D) of FIG.4, for example, transistors such as the transfer transistor Tr1 and theperipheral circuit such as a logic circuit are formed near the surfaceS2 of the semiconductor substrate 11. For the semiconductor substrate11, for example, a Si substrate is used. Subsequently, by ionimplantation into the semiconductor substrate 11, impurity semiconductorregions (the n-type semiconductor region that constitutes the PD 12, thep-type layer 11 x, and the p-well layer 11 y ) are formed. To be morespecific, the n-type semiconductor region (the PD12) is formed at aposition corresponding to each of the pixels P, while the p-typesemiconductor region is formed between the pixels. Subsequently, asillustrated in (A) of FIG. 5, the support substrate 41 is bonded to thewiring layer 20.

After that, as illustrated in (B) of FIG. 5, the pixel division trench11A and the insulation division trench 11B are formed, for example, bydry etching to the depth (h) of, for example, 3000 nm at a predeterminedposition in the light-receiving surface S1 of the semiconductorsubstrate 11, specifically in the p-type semiconductor region betweenthe pixels P and in a region where the recess is formed in the externalconnection region 110C.

Next, as illustrated in (C) of FIG. 5, for example a SiO₂ film is formedby CVD on the light-receiving surface S1 side of the semiconductorsubstrate 11 to form the protective film 17. In the meanwhile, the SiO₂film is embedded in the pixel division trench 11A and the insulationdivision trench 11B. Subsequently, as illustrated in (A) of FIG. 6, onthe protective film 17, the light-shielding film 33 is formed by adeposition process using, for example, sputtering or CVD and apatterning process using, for example, photolithography and so on. Next,as illustrated in (B) of FIG. 6, on the protective film 17 and thelight-receiving film 33, the planarization film 32 is formed. Afterthat, on the planarization film 32, the color filter 34 in a Bayer arrayand the on-chip lens 35 are formed in this order. Thus, the image pickupdevice 1 including the image pickup element 1A and the electrode pad 1Bis completed.

Overall Configuration

FIG. 7 illustrates an overall configuration of the image pickup device 1in a form of a block diagram. The image display device 1 constitutes,for example, a CMOS image sensor, and includes the light-receivingregion 110A as an image pickup area in the center of the semiconductorsubstrate 11. In a periphery of the light-receiving region 110A, theperipheral circuit section 130 is provided. The peripheral circuitsection 130 includes, for example, a row scanning section 131, a systemcontrol section 132, a horizontal selection section 133, and a columnscanning section 134.

The light-receiving region 110A includes the plurality of unit pixels P(corresponding to the image pickup element 1A) that aretwo-dimensionally arranged in a matrix array. The unit pixels P arewired with pixel drive lines Lread (specifically a row selection lineand a reset control line) for each pixel row, and with the verticalsignal lines Lsig for each pixel column. The pixel drive lines Lread areconfigured to transfer drive signals for reading out signals from thepixels. Ends of the pixel drive lines Lread are connected to outputterminals corresponding to each row of the row scanning section 131.

The row scanning section 131 is configured of a shift register and anaddress decoder and so on. The row scanning section 131 is a pixel drivesection that is configured to drive each of the pixels P in the pixelregion 1 a, for example, in a unit of each row. A signal that is outputfrom each of the pixels P in a pixel row selected by the row scanningsection 131 is supplied to the horizontal selection section 133 througheach of the vertical signal lines Lsig. The horizontal selection section133 is configured of an amplifier and a horizontal selection switch andso on, which are provided for each of the vertical signal lines Lsig.

The column scanning section 134 is configured of a shift register and anaddress decoder and so on. The column scanning section 134 is configuredto scan each of the horizontal selection switches of the horizontalselection section 133 and to drive them in order. By the selectivescanning by the column scanning section 134, the signal that is producedin each of the pixels P and transferred through each of the verticalsignal lines Lsig is output to the horizontal signal line 135 in order.Then the signal is transferred externally of the semiconductor substrate11 through the horizontal signal line 135.

The circuit section that is configured of the row scanning section 131,the horizontal selection section 133, the column scanning section 134,and the horizontal signal line 135 may be provided directly on thesemiconductor substrate 11, or on an external control IC. Alternatively,the circuit section may be provided on another substrate connected by acable or the like.

The system control section 132 is configured to receive a clock suppliedfrom externally of the semiconductor substrate 11 or data that instructsoperation modes and so on, and is configured to output internalinformation of the image pickup device 1. In addition, the systemcontrol section 132 includes, for example, a timing generator that isconfigured to generate various kinds of timing signals. The systemcontrol section 132 is configured to perform drive control of theperipheral circuit such as the row scanning section 131, the horizontalselection section 133, and the column scanning section 134 based on thevarious kinds of timing signals generated in the timing generator.

Operations of Image Pickup Element

In the image pickup element 1A used as the pixel P in the image pickupdevice, signal charges (here, electrons) may be, for example, obtainedas follows. Incident light L enters the light-receiving section 10through the on-chip lens 35. The light L passes through the color filter34 and so on to be detected (absorbed) by the PD 12 in each of thepixels P. Thus, color light in red, green, or blue is subject tophotoelectric conversion. Among electron-hole pairs produced in the PD12, electrons are moved to the semiconductor substrate 11 (for example,the n-type semiconductor region in a Si substrate) to be stored. Holesare moved to the p-type region to be discharged. (Operations andFunctions)

FIGS. 8A and 8B illustrate in section configurations of a pixel Trsection A (along the I-I line in the display device 1 illustrated inFIG. 3A), a TG section B (along the II-II line), and a pad section C(along the III-III line) according to a comparative example (FIG. 8A)and the embodiment example (FIG. 8B), respectively. The pixel divisiontrench is provided between the pixels in the light-receiving region. Theinsulation division trench electrically insulates the electrode padsfrom the surrounding semiconductor substrate. The pixel division trenchand the insulation division trench both belong to technology of formingan insulation division section in a direction of depth of thesemiconductor substrate. It is therefore possible to reduce the numberof manufacturing processes by forming them simultaneously. However,since the insulation division trench penetrates the semiconductorsubstrate, in a case of forming a pixel division trench 1100A on a basisof an insulation division trench 1100B, as illustrated in FIG. 8A, anend of the pixel division trench 1100A reaches a channel formationregion of a reset transistor Tr2 or an FD 1300. This may cause adisadvantage of a difficulty in charge transfer and so on.

In the meanwhile, the pixel division trench 1100A and the insulationdivision trench 1100B may be formed separately in consideration ofdamage to the reset transistor Tr2 or the FD 1300. In this case, inembedding an insulating material in each trench, deposition time of theinsulating material becomes longer, and an insulating film deposited ona rear surface of a semiconductor substrate 1100 is thickened. This maycause color mixing between pixels.

On the other hand, in the display device 1 according to the embodiment,as illustrated in FIG. 8B, the recess 11C is formed to the depthcorresponding to the depth of the pixel division trench 11A on the frontsurface (the surface S2) side of the semiconductor substrate 11, therecess 11C facing the insulation division trench 11B. Specifically, informing the insulation division trench 11B in the same process as thepixel division trench 11A and under the same conditions, the recess isformed to a depth enough for the insulation division trench 11B topenetrate the semiconductor substrate 11. Thus, it is possible to formthe pixel division trench 11A and the insulation division trench 11B inthe same process without lowering focusing characteristics.

As described above, in the embodiment, the recess 11C is formed on theopposite surface (the front surface, the surface S2) to the surface (therear surface (the light-receiving surface S1) of the semiconductorsubstrate 11) on which the insulation division trench 11B is formed. Theinsulation trench 11B insulates the electrode pads 1B formed in theexternal connection region 110C of the peripheral region 110B. Thus, thesemiconductor substrate 11 has a variation in thickness between a regionwhere the pixel division trench 11A is provided and a region where theinsulation division trench 11B is provided. Specifically, in thesemiconductor substrate 11, the thickness of the region where theinsulating division trench 11B is provided is smaller than the thicknessof the region where the pixel division trench 11A is provided. It istherefore possible to form the pixel division trench 11A between thepixels in the light-receiving region 110A and the insulating divisiontrench 11B in the same process and under the same conditions. In otherwords, it is possible to reduce the number of processes without loweringfocusing characteristics.

2. Second Embodiment

FIG. 9 illustrates in section a configuration of an image pickup device(an image pickup device 2) according to a second embodiment of thepresent disclosure. The image pickup device 2 is, similarly to theabove-described first embodiment, a backside illumination image pickupdevice, and has a configuration in which the plurality of pixels P arearranged in a two-dimensional array. The image pickup device 2 accordingto the embodiment is different from the above embodiment in that therecess 11C and a recess 11D are formed on both of the front surface (thesurface S2) and the rear surface (the light-receiving surface S1) at aposition where the insulation division trench 11B is formed to insulatethe electrode pads 1B from the surroundings in the external connectionregion 110C of the semiconductor substrate 11.

The image pickup device 2 may be, for example, manufactured as follows.

First, as illustrated in FIG. 10A, in the external connection region110C on the surface S2 of the semiconductor substrate 11, the recess 11a (a first dug portion) is formed, for example, by dry etching to thedepth (h) of, for example, 300 nm. After that, as illustrated in FIG.10B, for example, SiN is embedded by PVD in the recess 11C to form theinsulating film 15. Subsequently, similarly to the first embodiment, asillustrated in FIG. 10C, the wiring layer 20 is formed on the surface S2side of the semiconductor substrate 11, and the impurity semiconductorregions (the n-type semiconductor region that constitutes the PD 12, thep-type layer 11 x and the p-well layer 11 y) are formed by ionimplantation into the semiconductor substrate 11. Next, the supportsubstrate 41 is bonded to the wiring layer 20.

Subsequently, as illustrated in FIG. 11A, the recess 11D (a second dugportion) is formed, for example, by dry etching at a predeterminedposition of the light-receiving surface S1 of the semiconductorsubstrate 11, specifically at a position facing the recess 11C providedin the surface S2 of the semiconductor substrate 11. Next, asillustrated in FIG. 11B, the pixel division trench 11A and theinsulation division trench 11B are formed to the depth (h) of, forexample, 3000 nm between the pixels P and in the recess 11D,respectively, in the semiconductor substrate 11.

After that, as illustrated in FIG. 11C, on the light-receiving surfaceS1 side of the semiconductor substrate 11, for example, a SiO₂ film isformed by CVD to form the protective film 17. In the meanwhile, the SiO₂film is embedded in the pixel division trench 11A and the insulationdivision trench 11B. Subsequently, the color filter 34 and the on-chiplens 35 and so on are formed by a method similar to the firstembodiment. Thus, the image pickup device 2 is obtained.

In the image pickup device 2 and the manufacturing method thereofaccording to the embodiment, the thickness of the semiconductorsubstrate 11 at the insulation division trench 11B formed around theelectrode pads 1B is adjusted by forming the recesses 11C and 11D onboth of the front surface (the surface S2) and the rear surface (thelight-receiving surface S1) of the semiconductor substrate 11.Otherwise, the image pickup device 2 has a similar configuration to theimage pickup device 1, and the operations and the effects thereof arealso similar.

3. Modification Example 1

FIGS. 12 and 13 illustrate in section configurations of image pickupdevices 3 and 4, respectively, according to a modification example 1 ofthe first and the second embodiments as described above. The imagepickup devices 3 and 4 each is, similarly to the above-described firstembodiment, a backside illumination image pickup device, and has aconfiguration in which the plurality of the pixels P are arranged in atwo-dimensional array. The image pickup devices 3 and 4 according to themodification example are different from the first and the secondembodiments in that a fixed charge film 16 is provided on an entire rearsurface, which includes the pixel division trench 11A and the insulationdivision trench 11B, of the semiconductor substrate 11.

The fixed charge film 16 has a negative fixed charge, and is provided onthe entire rear surface, which includes the side faces and the bottomfaces of the pixel division trench 11A and the insulation divisiontrench 11B, of the semiconductor substrate 11. As a material of thefixed charge film 16, a high-dielectric material having a negative fixedcharge may be preferably used. Specific examples include hafnium oxide(HfO₂), zirconium oxide (ZrO₂), aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), titanium oxide(TiO₂), and tantalum oxide (Ta₂O₅) and so on. These oxides have resultsof being used for a gate insulating film of an insulated gate fieldeffect transistor or the like, and deposition methods thereof have beenestablished. Thus, these oxides may be easily deposited. In particular,the use of HfO₂ (having a refractive index of 2.05), Ta₂O₅ (having arefractive index of 2.16), and TiO₂ (having a refractive index of 2.20),which have relatively high refractive indices, may add ananti-reflection effect to the fixed charge film 16. An example of othermaterials than as described above includes an oxide of a rare earthelement. Specifically, an oxide of each of lanthanum (La), praseodymium(Pr), cerium (Ce), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm),europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy),holmium(Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), lutetium (Lu),yttrium (Y). It is to be noted that the above oxides may be doped withsilicon (Si) in a certain range without degrading insulation properties.In an alternative, other than oxides, nitrides or oxynitrides such ashafnium nitride, aluminum nitride, hafnium oxynitride, and aluminumoxynitride may be used. Addition of Si or Ni to the fixed charge film 16contributes to an improvement in heat resisting properties or an abilityof preventing ion implantation in manufacturing processes.

As described above, in the modification example, the insulating film(the fixed charge film 16) having a negative charge is formed on therear surface (the light-receiving surface S1) of the semiconductorsubstrate 11. Thus, an inversion layer is formed on a surface in contactwith the fixed charge film 16. It is therefore possible to obtain aneffect that, in addition to the effect of the above-describedembodiments, a silicon interface is pinned by the inversion layer, andoccurrence of a dark current is restrained. It is also possible torestrain pinning failure due to physical damage that occurs in formingthe pixel division trench 11A.

4. Modification Example 2

FIGS. 14 and 15 illustrate in section configurations of image pickupdevices (image pickup devices 5 and 6) according to a modificationexample 2 of the above-described modification example 1, respectively.The image pickup devices 5 and 6 each is, similarly to theabove-described first embodiment and so forth, a backside illuminationimage pickup device, and has a configuration in which the plurality ofpixels P are arranged in a two-dimensional array. The image pickupdevices 5 and 6 according to the modification example are different fromthe modification example 1 in that the light-shielding film 33 isextended in the pixel division trench 11A and the insulation divisiontrench 11B.

As described above, in the modification example, the light-shieldingfilm 33 is extended in the pixel division trench 11A and the insulationdivision trench 11B. It is therefore possible to obtain an effect that,in addition to the effects of the above-described modification example,occurrence of optical color mixing between the adjacent pixels P isrestrained.

It is to be noted that the modification example may also be applied tothe above-described first and second embodiments. In other words, it ispossible to obtain the same effect as the modification example byextending the light-shielding film 33 in the pixel division trench 11Aand the insulating division trench 11B without providing the fixedcharge film 16 in them.

5. Modification Example 3

FIGS. 16A and 16B illustrate in section configurations of image pickupdevices 7A and 7B according to a modification example 3. The imagepickup devices 1 to 6 according to the above-described embodiments andso forth may further include an air gap G in the pixel division trench11A and the insulation division trench 11B. The air gap G in the pixeldivision trench 11A and the insulation division trench 11B may be formedby CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) at high deposition speed or bysputtering.

As described above, it is possible to obtain an effect that, in additionto the effect of the above-described embodiments and so forth, byproviding the air gap G in each of the trenches, a difference in therefractive indices increases, and a higher reflection function isobtained.

6. Modification Example 4

FIG. 17 illustrates in section a configuration of an image pickup device8 according to a modification example 4 in the above-described firstembodiment and so forth. The image pickup device 8 according to themodification example is, similarly to the above-described embodimentsand so forth, a backside illumination image pickup device. The imagepickup device 8 is an image pickup device of a layered type in which afirst semiconductor chip 81 and a second semiconductor chip 82 areelectrically connected to each other to constitute one semiconductorchip. The first semiconductor chip 81 is loaded with the light-receivingregion 110A and a control circuit. The second semiconductor chip 82 isloaded with a logic circuit including a signal processing circuit. Theembodiments of the present technology may be applicable to such an imagepickup device of a layered type, as illustrated in FIG. 17.

7. Application Example

The image pickup devices 1 to 8 according to the first and the secondembodiments and the modification examples 1 to 4 as described above maybe loaded on an electronic apparatus having a photographing function invarious types, for example, a camera system such as a digital stillcamera or a video camera, and a mobile phone, and so on. FIG. 18illustrates as an example an overall configuration of a camera (anelectronic apparatus). The electronic apparatus 9 is a video cameracapable of taking, for example, still images or moving pictures. Theelectronic apparatus 9 includes an image pickup device (for example, theimage pickup device 1), an optical system (an optical lens) 310, ashutter device 311, a signal processing section 312, and a drive section313.

The optical system 310 is configured to guide image light (incidentlight) from an object to be photographed toward the pixel region 1 a ofthe image pickup device 1. The optical system 310 may include aplurality of optical lenses. The shutter device 311 is configured tocontrol a light-irradiation period and a light-shielding period withrespect to the image pickup device 1. The drive section 313 isconfigured to control a shutter operation of the shutter device 311 anda transfer operation of the image pickup device 1. The signal processingsection 312 is configured to perform various kinds of signal processingon a signal output from the image pickup device 1. A picture signal Doutafter signal processing may be, for example, stored in a recordingmedium such as a memory, or output to a monitor or the like.

Although description has been made by giving the first and the secondembodiments and the modification examples 1 to 4, the contents of thepresent technology are not limited to the above-mentioned embodimentsand so forth and may be modified in a variety of ways. For example,although a case that the PD 12 is formed on the rear surface (thelight-incident surface) side of the semiconductor substrate 11 has beenexemplified in the above-mentioned embodiments and so forth, the PD 12may be provided on the front surface side of the semiconductor substrate11, that is, between the semiconductor substrate 11 and the wiring layer20. It is to be noted that also in this case a second region 12B havinga wide forbidden band width may be preferably provided on the lightincident surface side.

Further, an inner lens (not illustrated) may be provided between thelight-receiving section 10 and the color filter 34 of the focusingsection 30.

In addition, it is not necessary to include all the constitutionalelements described in the above-mentioned embodiments and so forth, andrather an element or elements other than the above-mentioned elementsmay be also included.

It is to be noted that the effects described in this specification aremerely exemplified and not limitative, and other effects may be shown.

It is possible to achieve at least the following configurations from theabove-described example embodiments of the disclosure.

(1) An image pickup device, including:

a first trench provided between a plurality of pixels in alight-receiving region of a semiconductor substrate, the semiconductorsubstrate including the light-receiving region and a peripheral region,the light-receiving region being provided with the plurality of pixelseach including a photoelectric conversion section; and

a second trench provided in the peripheral region of the semiconductorsubstrate,

wherein the semiconductor substrate has a variation in thickness betweena portion where the first trench is provided and a portion where thesecond trench is provided.

(2) The image pickup device according to (1), wherein, in thesemiconductor substrate, a thickness of the portion where the secondtrench is provided is smaller than a thickness of the portion where thefirst trench is provided.(3) The image pickup device according to (1) or (2), further including adug portion, the dug portion provided in a region of one or bothsurfaces of the semiconductor substrate, the region facing the secondtrench.(4) The image pickup device according to any one of (1) to (3), whereinthe first trench separates the photoelectric conversion section for eachof the plurality of pixels.(5) The image pickup device according to any one of (1) to (4), furtherincluding an external connection electrode that is provided in theperipheral region,

wherein the second trench is provided around the external connectionelectrode.

(6) The image pickup device according to any one of (3) to (5), whereinthe dug portion is filled with an insulating material.(7) The image pickup device according to any one of (1) to (6), whereinthe second trench penetrates the semiconductor substrate.(8) A method of manufacturing an image pickup device, the methodincluding:

providing a dug portion in a peripheral region in one surface of asemiconductor substrate, the semiconductor substrate including alight-receiving region and the peripheral region, the light-receivingregion being provided with a plurality of pixels each including aphotoelectric conversion section; and

providing a first trench and a second trench in another surface of thesemiconductor substrate, the first trench being provided in thelight-receiving region, the second trench being provided at a positionof the peripheral region, the position facing the dug portion.

(9) The method of manufacturing the image pickup device according to(8), wherein the dug portion is formed by two-stage etching.(10) The method of manufacturing the image pickup device according to(8) or (9), further including, after providing the dug portion as afirst dug portion, providing a second dug portion, the second dugportion being provided at a position in the another surface of thesemiconductor substrate, the position facing the first dug portion.(11) The method of manufacturing the image pickup device according to(9) or (10), further including embedding an insulating material in thedug portion.(12) An electronic apparatus provided with an image pickup device, theimage pickup device including:

a first trench provided between a plurality of pixels in alight-receiving region of a semiconductor substrate, the semiconductorsubstrate including the light-receiving region and a peripheral region,the light-receiving region being provided with the plurality of pixelseach including a photoelectric conversion section; and

a second trench provided in the peripheral region of the semiconductorsubstrate,

wherein the semiconductor substrate has a variation in thickness betweena portion where the first trench is provided and a portion where thesecond trench is provided.

It should be understood by those skilled in the art that variousmodifications, combinations, sub-combinations and alterations may occurdepending on design requirements and other factors insofar as they arewithin the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.

What is claimed is:
 1. An image pickup device, comprising: a firsttrench provided between a plurality of pixels in a light-receivingregion of a semiconductor substrate, the semiconductor substrateincluding the light-receiving region and a peripheral region, thelight-receiving region being provided with the plurality of pixels eachincluding a photoelectric conversion section; and a second trenchprovided in the peripheral region of the semiconductor substrate,wherein the semiconductor substrate has a variation in thickness betweena portion where the first trench is provided and a portion where thesecond trench is provided.
 2. The image pickup device according to claim1, wherein, in the semiconductor substrate, a thickness of the portionwhere the second trench is provided is smaller than a thickness of theportion where the first trench is provided.
 3. The image pickup deviceaccording to claim 1, further comprising a dug portion, the dug portionprovided in a region of one or both surfaces of the semiconductorsubstrate, the region facing the second trench.
 4. The image pickupdevice according to claim 1, wherein the first trench separates thephotoelectric conversion section for each of the plurality of pixels. 5.The image pickup device according to claim 1, further comprising anexternal connection electrode that is provided in the peripheral region,wherein the second trench is provided around the external connectionelectrode.
 6. The image pickup device according to claim 3, wherein thedug portion is filled with an insulating material.
 7. The image pickupdevice according to claim 1, wherein the second trench penetrates thesemiconductor substrate.
 8. A method of manufacturing an image pickupdevice, the method comprising: providing a dug portion in a peripheralregion in one surface of a semiconductor substrate, the semiconductorsubstrate including a light-receiving region and the peripheral region,the light-receiving region being provided with a plurality of pixelseach including a photoelectric conversion section; and providing a firsttrench and a second trench in another surface of the semiconductorsubstrate, the first trench being provided in the light-receivingregion, the second trench being provided at a position of the peripheralregion, the position facing the dug portion.
 9. The method ofmanufacturing the image pickup device according to claim 8, wherein thedug portion is formed by two-stage etching.
 10. The method ofmanufacturing the image pickup device according to claim 8, furthercomprising, after providing the dug portion as a first dug portion,providing a second dug portion, the second dug portion being provided ata position in the another surface of the semiconductor substrate, theposition facing the first dug portion.
 11. The method of manufacturingthe image pickup device according to claim 9, further comprisingembedding an insulating material in the dug portion.
 12. An electronicapparatus provided with an image pickup device, the image pickup devicecomprising: a first trench provided between a plurality of pixels in alight-receiving region of a semiconductor substrate, the semiconductorsubstrate including the light-receiving region and a peripheral region,the light-receiving region being provided with the plurality of pixelseach including a photoelectric conversion section; and a second trenchprovided in the peripheral region of the semiconductor substrate,wherein the semiconductor substrate has a variation in thickness betweena portion where the first trench is provided and a portion where thesecond trench is provided.